I thought they were supposed to be much smaller? I checked using
sys.getsizeof(True)
Python boolean variable requires minimum 24 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.,Python int variable requires minimum 24 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.,Python set requires minimum 224 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.,Python float variable requires 24 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.
sys.getsizeof(variable_name)
size in bytes
Python boolean variable requires minimum 24 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.
# Example, Find size of boolean import sys sys.getsizeof(bool()) # prints 24 sys.getsizeof(True) # prints 28 sys.getsizeof(False) # prints 24
Python int variable requires minimum 24 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.
# Find size of int import sys sys.getsizeof(int()) # prints 24 sys.getsizeof(0) # prints 24 sys.getsizeof(1) # prints 28 sys.getsizeof(-2) # prints 28 sys.getsizeof(2 * 10 ** 307) # prints 164
Python float variable requires 24 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.
# Find size of float
import sys
sys.getsizeof(float()) # prints 24
sys.getsizeof(0.0) # prints 24
sys.getsizeof(1e2) # prints 24
sys.getsizeof(1.123451234512345123451234512345e2) # prints 24
sys.getsizeof(1.123451234512345123451234512345e307) # prints 24
sys.getsizeof(1.123451234512345123451234512345e-307) # prints 24
sys.getsizeof(-100.25) # prints 24Python list requires minimum 64 bytes on 32-bit / 64-bit system. It may vary as per hardware.
# Find size of list import sys sys.getsizeof(list()) # prints 64 a = [] sys.getsizeof(a) # prints 64 a = [1] sys.getsizeof(a) # prints 72 a = [1, 1] sys.getsizeof(a) # prints 80 a = [1] * 10 # assigns 10 elements i.e.[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] sys.getsizeof(a) # prints 144 a = ["Hello, let this be long string occupying more and more and more bytes", 1.2] sys.getsizeof(a) # prints 80 sys.getsizeof(a[0]) # Check, individual element is occupying more bytes than overall list. sys.getsizeof(a[1]) # prints 24 for float
Operations and built-in functions that have a Boolean result always return 0 or False for false and 1 or True for true, unless otherwise stated. (Important exception: the Boolean operations or and and always return one of their operands.),For non-contiguous arrays the result is equal to the flattened list representation with all elements converted to bytes. tobytes() supports all format strings, including those that are not in struct module syntax.,Type objects represent the various object types. An object’s type is accessed by the built-in function type(). There are no special operations on types. The standard module types defines names for all standard built-in types.,The implementation adds a few special read-only attributes to several object types, where they are relevant. Some of these are not reported by the dir() built-in function.
>>> n = -37 >>>
bin(n)
'-0b100101' >>>
n.bit_length()
6def bit_length(self):
s = bin(self) # binary representation: bin(-37) -- > '-0b100101'
s = s.lstrip('-0b') # remove leading zeros and minus sign
return len(s) # len('100101') -- > 6>>> n = 19 >>>
bin(n)
'0b10011' >>>
n.bit_count()
3
>>>
(-n).bit_count()
3def bit_count(self):
return bin(self).count("1")>>> (1024).to_bytes(2, byteorder = 'big')
b '\x04\x00' >>>
(1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder = 'big')
b '\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00' >>>
(-1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder = 'big', signed = True)
b '\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\x00' >>>
x = 1000 >>>
x.to_bytes((x.bit_length() + 7) // 8, byteorder='little')
b '\xe8\x03'>>> int.from_bytes(b '\x00\x10', byteorder = 'big')
16
>>>
int.from_bytes(b '\x00\x10', byteorder = 'little')
4096
>>>
int.from_bytes(b '\xfc\x00', byteorder = 'big', signed = True) -
1024 >>>
int.from_bytes(b '\xfc\x00', byteorder = 'big', signed = False)
64512
>>>
int.from_bytes([255, 0, 0], byteorder = 'big')
16711680true and false are the two untyped boolean values. ,bool is the set of boolean values, true and false. ,The copy built-in function copies elements from a source slice into a destination slice. (As a special case, it also will copy bytes from a string to a slice of bytes.) The source and destination may overlap. Copy returns the number of elements copied, which will be the minimum of len(src) and len(dst). ,As a special case, it is legal to append a string to a byte slice, like this:
const (
true = 0 == 0 // Untyped bool.
false = 0 != 0 // Untyped bool.
)const iota = 0 // Untyped int.var nil Type // Type must be a pointer, channel, func, interface, map, or slice typefunc append(slice[] Type, elems...Type)[] Typefunc append(slice[] Type, elems...Type)[] TypeThe append built-in function appends elements to the end of a slice. If it has sufficient capacity, the destination is resliced to accommodate the new elements. If it does not, a new underlying array will be allocated. Append returns the updated slice. It is therefore necessary to store the result of append, often in the variable holding the slice itself:
slice = append(slice, elem1, elem2) slice = append(slice, anotherSlice...)
As a special case, it is legal to append a string to a byte slice, like this:
slice = append([] byte("hello "), "world"...)func cap(v Type) int
Converts a read-only byte span to a Boolean value.,To convert a Boolean value to its byte representation, call the GetBytes(Boolean) method.,The following code example converts elements of Byte arrays to Boolean values with the ToBoolean method.,Returns a Boolean value converted from the byte at a specified position in a byte array.
public:
static bool ToBoolean(ReadOnlySpan<System::Byte> value);public:
static bool ToBoolean(ReadOnlySpan<System::Byte> value);public static bool ToBoolean (ReadOnlySpan<byte> value);public static bool ToBoolean (ReadOnlySpan<byte> value);static member ToBoolean : ReadOnlySpan<byte> -> boolpublic:
static bool ToBoolean(cli::array <System::Byte> ^ value, int startIndex);public:
static bool ToBoolean(cli::array <System::Byte> ^ value, int startIndex);public static bool ToBoolean(byte[] value, int startIndex);public static bool ToBoolean (byte[] value, int startIndex);static member ToBoolean: byte[] * int - > boolThe following code example converts elements of Byte arrays to Boolean values with the ToBoolean method.
// Example of the BitConverter::ToBoolean method.
using namespace System;
int main()
{
// Define an array of byte values.
array<Byte>^ bytes = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 255 };
Console::WriteLine("{0,5}{1,16}{2,10}\n", "index", "array element", "bool" );
// Convert each array element to a Boolean value.
for (int index = 0; index < bytes->Length; index++)
Console::WriteLine("{0,5}{1,16:X2}{2,10}", index, bytes[index],
BitConverter::ToBoolean(bytes, index));
}
// The example displays the following output:
// index array element bool
//
// 0 00 False
// 1 01 True
// 2 02 True
// 3 04 True
// 4 08 True
// 5 10 True
// 6 20 True
// 7 40 True
// 8 80 True
// 9 FF True
using System;
class Example {
public static void Main() {
// Define an array of byte values.
byte[] bytes = {
0,
1,
2,
4,
8,
16,
32,
64,
128,
255
};
Console.WriteLine("{0,5}{1,16}{2,10}\n", "index", "array element", "bool");
// Convert each array element to a Boolean value.
for (int index = 0; index < bytes.Length; index++)
Console.WriteLine("{0,5}{1,16:X2}{2,10}", index, bytes[index],
BitConverter.ToBoolean(bytes, index));
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// index array element bool
//
// 0 00 False
// 1 01 True
// 2 02 True
// 3 04 True
// 4 08 True
// 5 10 True
// 6 20 True
// 7 40 True
// 8 80 True
// 9 FF True